Creating a Garden for the Blind :: Architecture Design Essays

Creating a Garden for the BlindIn creating a garden for the blind, the senses of smell, hearing and touch take on prominence. Even without sight, a person can make out a garden simply by feeling the symmetry of leaves, touching the bark of different trees and feeling for buds at the send-off of spring. Even though a visually disabled person cannot enjoy the vibrant colors of a rose garden, they can enjoy the strong twine from such flowers. Because the sense of sight is taking aback seat in this garden, importance is also placed on maneuverability through and through the garden.A braille board should be placed at the entrance to the garden, explaining the topography of the garden and how to maneuver through it without assistance. Another Braille board at the entrance should explain the garden. To quicken easier movement, the garden could be designed after a clock. One should enter the garden at twelve oclock and walk clockwise through the garden at each point on the clock, one would encounter whole kit and caboodles of various scents and cereals. The path around the garden should be smooth and even in order to ensure easy independent movement. In contrast, small pebbles along the side of the path could indicate the presence of Braille boards that explain the plants. In addition, cobblestone or another stone variety could indicate the presence of benches. The flowerbeds could be raised about two feet from the ground. This would not only make it easier to touch and enjoy the featured plants but would also place flowers and plants at a perfect height for those guests with physical disabilities. Furthermore, these exhibits could include hanging pots with plants of special interest. The plants placed in such pots would be those with special textures or appeals. As the potted plants grows to large for the pot, it can be planted in the flower bed and replaced with another interesting plant or simply a smaller version of the original plant.As guests enter the garden, they should be greeted by the sounds of flowing water a fountain or waterfall placed here would create a welcoming sound. Palm trees of various shapes and sizes placed around the water feature would provide an interesting texture for guests. Both the leaves and bark of these thriving plants would provide attractive textures.

1890-1900 Essay -- Essays Papers

1890-1900The United States Progressive Era, a time of reform and corporate reconstruction, occurred in the 1890s (Sklar intro). Before the decade, Americans identified with the thinking that the country should stay out of any other countries concerns, especially European affairs (Britannica 1). The new thinking of the 1890s soon changed these convictions. Foundations of foreign policy, political liberalism, and a corporation-capitalist economy were among developments of this era. As the U.S. became a great power after post-Civil War economic growth, the public soon believed the nation should begin to act like virtuoso (Britannica 1). In addition, Social Darwinists of the 1890s theorized only strong nations could survive, for the world is a jungle (Britannica 1). Finally, idealists and religious leaders added their reasoning, for America had a duty to take up the white mans burden of spreading its superior culture and the blessings of Christianity to the so-called backward peoples of the world (Britannica 1). Along with the new ideology of American supremacy, citizens were enjoying the elaborateness into the west at a quickening pace. Leaders of the United States during the 1890s included Presidents Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893), Grover Cleveland(1893-1897), and William McKinley (1897-1901). The nation celebrated President George Washingtons centenary anniversary inauguration during this time (Klapthor 54,56).World events in the 1890s included the Spanish-American War. Ignited by Spanish rule in Cuba, Spain soon faced a brutal revolution with rebels upset about a depression caused by a decline in U.S. sugar purchases from Cuba. Once a submarine mine sank the USS Maine in Havana harbor on February 15, 1898, Congress autho... ...ns intrinsic weakness during the nineteenth century (American Eras 68). Gilman was remedied by well-known physician S. Weir Mitchell through a so-called rest-cure of remaining in tail and being prohibited from reading, writing, or comm unicating with the outside world (American Eras 68). The Yellow Wallpaper is Gilmans story of Jane, a young wife and new mother who too is suffering from depression (Gale 140). Jane is taken to a rented mansion in the country where she is confined to a bed and urged not to write by her husband, brother, and physician, who Gilman frankly named S. Weir Mitchell (Gale 410). Undoubtedly, Charlotte Perkins Gilmans reflection on her past experiences in The Yellow Wallpaper caused an uproar during its times by confronting inarticulate feminine issues of the day, leaving her defined as one of the many forthright female writers of the 1890s.

Whites v. Slaves :: American America History

Whites v. Slaves passim the nineteenth century, the relationship between Africans and White settlers had never been exactly pleasant, most Africans were slaves who were usually tempered badly and therefore never did respect their white owners. However, oer time, these slaves began to revolutionize their culture, language, and points of view based on their environment. Many changes were occurring in this period of time, thus creating countless opportunities for the African Americans to fabricate their newborn culture. A catalyst to this exploitation of the new society is the noted differences the Africans and whites possess. Many of the Africans despised the whites, so they tired to stay as far away from them as possible, this rift in the peoples created the of import African culture, purely based on the opposite ideas that the whites held. On the other hand, many times the White people would stand by out the Africans, and a truss would form between the slaves and their master. A lthough the groups tried to remain different in this situation, the ideas between the two mingled together and they influenced each other. As terrible as slavery whitethorn have seemed at the time, I think it may have been a positive good, simply due to the actuality that at this time, White people were exceedingly ignorant, and without slavery, they possibly would not have a way of dealing with interactions with the slaves. As we look to post-Civil wartime, up to the time of MLK, we see that ignorance was an pestis throughout all of us, without the slavery, Africans were treated with the utmost disrespect. Common rights were stripped from them, and at times they were reduced to being treated like animals. During the period in question, the two races grew into coexisting without any study conflict or altercation. Comparatively to the north, the slave southern states did not seem to treat its workers any worse. It was said that at the time, the slaves were achieving dampen shel ter, food and clothing. The migrant workers in the north at many times worked similar 10-14 hour shifts, and at many times, the slaved did not work that many hours, depending on what type of system they were working. positivistic the workers up north did not have much food to eat, or clothes to wear, something the slaves did enjoy.Whites v. Slaves American America HistoryWhites v. SlavesThroughout the nineteenth century, the relationship between Africans and White settlers had never been exactly pleasant, most Africans were slaves who were usually treated badly and therefore never did respect their white owners. However, over time, these slaves began to revolutionize their culture, language, and points of view based on their environment. Many changes were occurring in this period of time, thus creating countless opportunities for the African Americans to fabricate their new culture. A catalyst to this development of the new society is the noted differences the Africans and white s possess. Many of the Africans despised the whites, so they tired to stay as far away from them as possible, this rift in the peoples created the main African culture, purely based on the opposite ideas that the whites held. On the other hand, many times the White people would help out the Africans, and a bond would form between the slaves and their master. Although the groups tried to remain different in this situation, the ideas between the two mingled together and they influenced each other. As horrific as slavery may have seemed at the time, I think it may have been a positive good, simply due to the actuality that at this time, White people were exceedingly ignorant, and without slavery, they possibly would not have a way of dealing with interactions with the slaves. As we look to post-Civil wartime, up to the time of MLK, we see that ignorance was an infestation throughout all of us, without the slavery, Africans were treated with the utmost disrespect. Common rights were str ipped from them, and at times they were reduced to being treated like animals. During the period in question, the two races grew into coexisting without any major conflict or altercation. Comparatively to the north, the slave southern states did not seem to treat its workers any worse. It was said that at the time, the slaves were achieving better shelter, food and clothing. The migrant workers in the north at many times worked similar 10-14 hour shifts, and at many times, the slaved did not work that many hours, depending on what type of system they were working. Plus the workers up north did not have much food to eat, or clothes to wear, something the slaves did enjoy.

The U.s School System :: essays research papers

When one is a student, it is ever so simple to criticize the way that school days argon conducted. The ideas of students towards their schools may be somewhat misguided by their varied emotions and attitudes for their school. However I believe that my thought out reforms for the American school system, are not exclusively objective, but valid.For many students, going to school is more than just part of the daily routine. A lot of students see their role in school as a stepping stone not only to their future life, but to their future success. Some people in the school however do not even feel the slightest bit of pressure to do well in school. These people are satisfied with mediocrity. Possibly even worse, some are careless towards not only their on education, but woebegone towards the schooling of others. I think that such students who are not only disruptive, but destructive, should not be dealt with such a severity, that they will either finish the error of their ways or that they do not belong in a public school. Through my few years in high school, I have noticed some students who are always breaking rules. And for some of these students, they are so regularly in trouble that the standards for their behavior is lessened , organism permitted to break small rules because the standard for their behavior is lessened. This is a excellent example, why I believe in not only stern punishment, but flock disciplinary action. A student should not be allowed the chance to break rules simply because that is just the way they are. Their bad habits will never be corrected, when they are not expected to act properlyI havent really had a great relationship with teachers, in the sense that I felt that they were able to kick in me good one on one assistance if withdrawed. This however is not the fault of the teacher. Cities have a problem of expanding without planning. Oviedo for example, is possibly going to be a prominent city in the state of Florida. Even now, we are starting to see a major boom in not only people but development. I am not sure however, that I can say that the city is correctly planning for this development, if at all. Roads will need to be widened. Irrigation, and sanitation will need to be carefully managed.

Snuff Films Essays -- essays research papers

Also cognise as "white heat" films and "the real thing," the snuff film myth lives on like Bigfoot, despite the fact that no law enforcement agency in America has publicly admitted to ever locating one. Alan Sears, former executive director of the lawyer Generals commission on pornography during 1985-86, agrees with the more than two dozen law enforcement agencies I interviewed. "Our experience was that we could not find any such thing as a commercially produced snuff film," says Sears. "Our commission was all-inclusive and exhaustive. If snuff films were available, wed have found them." This sentiment is echoed by Ken Lanning, a cult expert at the FBI training academy at Quantico, Virginia. "Ive not found one single documented case of a snuff film anywhere in the world. Ive been trenchant for 20 years, talked to hundreds of people. Theres plenty of once-removed sightings, but Ive never found a credible personality who personally saw one." Y et the rumour of snuff persists. The scenarios are incessantly the same - a remote jungle village in South America, a deserted beach in Thailand, the landscaped garden of a German industrialist, a lonely Everglades swamp. The victims are usually women, often performing a sexual act, their deaths sensitional and unexpected. One of the most resilient snuff rumours concerns convicted "Son of surface-to-air missile" killer David Berkowitz, who allegedly filmed the mop ups of some of his victims. Maury Terry, author of "The Ultimate Evil," a book about Berkowitz and cult killings across America, tells me, "Its believed Berkowitz filmed his murders to circulate within the church of Satan. On the night of the Stacy Moskowitz killing, there was a VW van parked across the road from the murder site under a bright sodium street lamp. "Witnesses have confirmed this, although the van never appeared in the patrol report. Berkowitz or an accomplice filmed Moskowitzs mu rder, using the street lamp to light the subject as she sat in her car across the street." The 20-year-old Moskowitz was killed in 1977 in Brooklyn. Terry says the film was apparently made for Roy Radin, the Long Island impresario and "wannabe Cotton Club financier." "Radin was known for his huge porno collection and wanted to add a snuff film to it. Ive heard there are ten... ...hit we ran out of film." Another voice whispers, "Did you use up it all?""Yeah, we got it all.""Lets get out of here."The sound of breathing ends.The reason why the film was a scam?1. Who would promote a film that showed the actual murder of one of its crew? 2. How can a single camera show several POV shots but not lose the continuity of the action?3. How can police and the Manhattan district attorney interview a charwoman who has been murdered on screen?Robert M. Morgenthau, the district attorney for Manhattan, announced in a news meeting that he had determin ed the on-screen murder of a woman as being a hoax. "It is nothing more than trick photography," he said, adding, "the actress is alive and well." Prompted by move complaints and petitions, Morganthaus findings were the conclusion of a month long investigation, in which the murder victim had herself been located and interviewed by police. Shackelton, too, had been traced via the Monarch Releasing Corporation and admitted, after threats of considerable forfeiture, that it was not a real woman who was murdered. It appears that controversy sells tickets.

Snuff Films Essays -- essays research papers

Also known as "white heat" ingests and "the real thing," the smell film myth lives on like Bigfoot, despite the fact that no law enforcement agency in America has publicly admitted to ever locating one. Alan Sears, cause executive director of the Attorney Generals commission on pornography during 1985-86, agrees with the more than two dozen law enforcement agencies I interviewed. "Our experience was that we could non find both such thing as a commercially produced snuff film," says Sears. "Our commission was all-inclusive and exhaustive. If snuff films were available, wed have found them." This sentiment is echoed by Ken Lanning, a cult expert at the FBI training academy at Quantico, Virginia. "Ive not found one single documented case of a snuff film anywhere in the world. Ive been searching for 20 years, talked to hundreds of people. Theres plenty of once-removed sightings, but Ive never found a credible personality who personally saw one.&qu ot Yet the gossip of snuff persists. The scenarios are invariably the same - a remote jungle village in S issueh America, a deserted beach in Thailand, the grace garden of a German industrialist, a lonely Everglades swamp. The victims are usually women, often performing a sexual act, their deaths sensational and unexpected. One of the most resilient snuff rumours concerns convicted "Son of Sam" killer David Berkowitz, who allegedly put down the murders of some of his victims. Maury Terry, author of "The Ultimate Evil," a book about Berkowitz and cult killings across America, tells me, "Its believed Berkowitz filmed his murders to circulate within the Church of Satan. On the night of the Stacy Moskowitz killing, there was a VW van parked across the street from the murder site under a bright sodium street lamp. "Witnesses have confirmed this, although the van never appeared in the police report. Berkowitz or an accomplice filmed Moskowitzs murder, using the street lamp to baseless the subject as she sat in her car across the street." The 20-year-old Moskowitz was killed in 1977 in Brooklyn. Terry says the film was apparently made for Roy Radin, the Long Island impresario and " aspirant Cotton Club financier." "Radin was known for his huge porno collection and wanted to add a snuff film to it. Ive heard there are ten... ...hit we ran out of film." Another voice whispers, "Did you get it all?""Yeah, we got it all.""Lets get out of here."The sound of breathing ends.The reason why the film was a scam?1. Who would promote a film that showed the actual murder of one of its crew? 2. How can a single camera show several POV shots but not lose the continuity of the action?3. How can police and the Manhattan district attorney interview a woman who has been murdered on screen?Robert M. Morgenthau, the district attorney for Manhattan, announced in a news conference that he had determined the on-scree n murder of a woman as being a hoax. "It is nothing more than trick photography," he said, adding, "the actress is alive and well." Prompted by continued complaints and petitions, Morganthaus findings were the conclusion of a month long investigation, in which the murder victim had herself been located and interviewed by police. Shackelton, too, had been traced via the Monarch Releasing Corporation and admitted, after threats of considerable forfeiture, that it was not a real woman who was murdered. It appears that controversy sells tickets.

The Self-Ownership Principle

Self-ownership is a belief that almost all Australians or any human accepts. Self-ownership is a belief that any human macrocosm of any religion, race, gender orientation or nationality is the ultimate arbiter of the decisions that affects themselves and any coercive action that prevents this decision making is inherently immoral and unacceptable. The acceptance of honour for self-ownership is something that is natural and unquestionable for all humans and is demonstrated below.Imagine that every human being is nutrition in the Garden of Eden found in Genesis. Every wizard is living in a world without scarcity and this means that if one person uses a resource, no other person is deprived of its use, i. e. unlimited apples on a tree. In this environment, there is no pauperisation for an economic system or topographic point agreement as there is no need for appropriations of dry land by physical force.However, there is a hidden flaw in this supposed utopian Garden of Eden there r emains a scarcity of human bodies whilst human desires be unlimited and these desires might involve the use of others bodies. Instinctively, people will state that there IS a need for a system of property in the Garden of Eden to truly provide a peaceable world a system respecting the ownership of ones body. Remarkably simple as the premise of self-ownership is, the implications of the logical conclusions of self-ownership have far-reaching societal consequences.All natural resources are scarce, and thus an system of property inevitably to be instituted to prevent the Earth from being affected by issues that arise from the Tragedy of the Commons. The process of appropriating land for ownership by people is known as Homesteading. Homesteading is a method of appropriating property ownership that is also the only system completely compatible with self-ownership because it is an independent exchange between nature and ones own labour.Using coercion to prevent people from creating pro perty out of natural materials implies that certain people or collectives have a higher championship to make these independent exchanges with nature than you do, contradicting the self-evident concept of self-ownership. Deducing from the self-ownership axiom, we have determined that for a sate ociety to respect self-ownership it must accept that all men are equal, respect the legitimate property claims of all men and guarantee civil liberties through the possession of property.If every man, woman and child that ever existed followed these principles, we would be living in a veritable utopia. Ignoring the obvious fact of scarcity, innovation and co-operation would have lead this world into an era of incredible material wealth. But for this to occur, a peaceful and voluntary society, each person needs to have their own epiphany, clear their cognitive dissonance and see reject all assaults on person and property whether it is a government bureaucrat demanding that you register your sw imming pool or a criminal gang demanding your wealth.

Abortions: The Choice is the Woman’s

Abortion is one of the most controversial topics of this era. What is abortion? Abortion is defined as the removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus resulting or causing the death of the fetus or embryo. The people who believe abortion is wrong and should non be every(prenominal)owed are called Pro-Life activist. Those who believe abortion is the cleaning ladys choice because its her body are called Pro-Choice activist. Pro-life activists debate that all life at conception is precious and deserves a chance at life.They also believe that God non the experience chooses its time of life and death. pro-choice followers often argue in favor of science and the United States Constitutional Ninth Amendment, which holds freedom of choice sacred (Ameri jakes Civil Liberties, 1997). They believe the early patient is the mother, and she is the one who allows the pregnancy to happen or non. The fact of the matter is if abortion is chosen to be banned people will find a way to pee-pee one done.To save this from happening abortion should be kept legal because its the charrs right, pregnancies due to rape are not usually wanted, and if health related problems arise and the pregnancy can not continue. Women have fought very long and hard to have their rights. On January 22, 1973 the Supreme cost decided in its landmark decision of the Roe vs. Wade case to make abortion a legal action for all women (American Civil Liberties Union, 1997). hydrogen Wade was a district attorney from Dallas whom the Roe case was against (Lowenstein, 1996). When abortions were not legal the number of women who wanted or needed and abortions did not decrease. Before legalizing abortion thousands of women died or suffered serious medical illnesses aft(prenominal) trying to do their own abortions, or going to non trained physicians who performed cheap abortions in unsanitary conditions (Abortion Law Homepage, 1996). A womans has a choice to sound out whether or not the fetus at hand is wanted.Though is not believed that abortion should be use as a form of birth control. Pro-Life activist believe that the unborn baby living between the 18th and 25th day after conception, this is when the heart starts. They believe the fetus has more rights than the woman because it can not speak for itself. This is often argued because Pro-Choice activist believe the baby is not considered a baby until it reaches the viability stage, which is 24 weeks. Pro-Life activists almost always call women who have abortions are murderers.Pro-Life activists, also call abortion clinics a butcher scab where babies are murdered. This is not true they provide a holding for a woman to have a safe choice. To say that a woman is not allowed to make a choice nearly her body defeating the purpose of her fight for her right. The AIG reported that there are about 90,000 rape cases reported yearly. Among those rape victims about five percent of them become pregnant, and from that 50% of th em get abortions (Johnson, 2006).Why should rape victims be forced to keep a tiddler resulting from rape? This is a head word that some Pro-Life activists struggles with. A woman that has been raped should be able to have an abortion because keeping the child, would cause the mother the hate the child when the mother had a though about the rapist (Steinmetz, 1998). The child would constantly remind the mother of the pain she went through on that day. Although some Pro-Life activists believe that the woman should give the baby up for adoption if there is rape involved.Adoption is not acceptable because the woman would have to give birth to a child and then give it to a complete stranger. Most women are not able physically and mentally to give a baby up. The mother would have to pray constantly about the baby being placed in the best environment. The child will then have to be tossed from place to place in search for a family that wants them. Putting a baby up for an adoption is not always seen as the answer. Legal abortions not only encourage a womans life but it also protects their health.There are thousands of women with kidney disease, heart disease, severe hypertension, sickle cell anemia, and severe diabetes, and other illnesses that can be life threatening, the availability of legal abortions has helped lessen serious medical problems that could have came from having a baby (Steinmetz, 1998). There have been several cases that a woman has chosen whether she dies or the baby dies. This is also another case that Pro-Life activist struggle with. They believe that if it Gods will for the unborn child, the mother, or both to die it will be done.Pro-Choice believes that God has blessed people with free will. To decide if a fetus is a human or a clump of cells is the choice of each individual walking throughout this land. Abortion remains a controversial topic among pro-life and pro-choice activists. As long as unwanted pregnancies continue to occur, abortion s, more than likely, will also continue. In the end, however, it is the mother who has to live with the decision made. There is no way to say who is right and who is wrong. Abortion should be viewed as an anguished decision in which human beings struggle to do the best they can in trying circumstances.

How does Alfieri justify his ‘love’ for Eddie Essay

Alfieri is a middle-aged lawyer who has seen his share of clients and listened to their problems as they want his advice, a Italian-Ameri screw who understands and has witnessed both countries interpretations of law. Having been brought up in the Sicilian way where pride and honour predominate, and being an exponent of American law he also prise how civilised American law is. Alfieri acts as the narrator of A View From The Bridge, similar in human racey ways to the choruses found in antediluvian Greek tragedies, who used to comment on the plays at regular intervals.Alfieri likewise recounts this story to us (in which he plays a part) and reflects on the actions of the characters and the obviousness of the outcome. Eddie had always lived by the Italian law but saw its helplessness when dealing with Rudolpho. Hoping that he could use American law to stop Rudolpho marrying Catherine, Eddie visits Alfieri to ask his advice and to see what could be make about Rudolpho. After meeting with Eddie, Alfieri knew what Eddie would do but was so powerless to stop it. Alfieri also realizes Eddies shameful agenda that he tries to disguise by protesting that he is looking out for Catherine. Alfieri is aware of his limitations as a lawyer, recognizing the fact that no legal system delivers absolute justice for only God can give that. Neither is he deluded into thinking that the American legal system solves all of peoples personal problems. However he knows that Eddie will stop at vigour to make sure that Rudolpho does not have Catherine, and indeed that no one else has her.By being himself and disregarding what other people thought of him to get what he wanted, Alfieri grows to respect Eddie. By the end of the play Alfieri reflects on how easily Eddie could have avoided his fate. He realises that Eddie pursued his fate because although he knew that he would have to pay the terms to get Catherine, he wanted her so badly he charged on, accepting what came. Alfieri says tha t it is better to compromise between getting what you want and what you can have.As a Sicilian-American he has settled for half and accepted American justice as a way of life because it is safer for him to do so. Yet Eddie will not settle for half letting himself to be known as he truly was. So what we are left with is an honourable, concerned, intelligent man sympathising with a man who turned his back on everything he knew his wife, his way of life, his honour and his life-in the vain hope that he could keep his niece for himself.Like a hero in a modern tragedy, Eddie is a strong character who is destroyed by his weakness-Catherine. As the only character who can reflect on the plays events objectively, Alfieri realizes that Eddies death must seve as a reminder to others to settle for half. However his alarm stems from the fact that while this will keep you safer if you follow this code, ultimately it path compromising peoples hopes, desires and sense of justice.

American public attitude on science and technology

Throughout history, the man perception on science and technology has not been stable. It has changed constantly and the fluctuation on the situations is still translucent today. It is important to note that the public perceptions on scientific and technological progressions vary from one fiat to another. Since the end of the Second piece War, the first war to bring use of sophisticated scientific technologies such as atomic bombs, there has been several scientific advancement and consequently changes in the public perception in the United States.This is as a result of the massive research that was prompted by the events of the Second World War and the subsequent tensions of the cold war era (Mindell, pg 1). The attitudes of the Americans on scientific and technological advancements have always had far reaching impacts (National academy of Engineering, pg 1). It affects the level to which the federal government funds for scientific research and instruction, the number of wad especially college student willing to pursue c atomic number 18ers in research and development the application of the new and better technologies that have been developed and the improvement of existing technologies.There are varies factors that have been found to influence the perceptions and attitudes of the Americans towards certain technologies. These factors includes that knowledge round the specific technology held by the general public, optimisms of the technological advancement and the general public attitude towards the profession dealing with the technology. These factors have made comparison of attitudes and perceptions of societies from different backgrounds on certain scientific advancement difficult (Liao, pg 1).In the 1970s, there was a growing engage in the United States due to the increased negative perception of the public on science and technology. The public were slowly losing confidence on research and development when compared to the situation in the Second World War where the Americans had full confidence on the ability of science. These increased concerns were prompted by the increased environsal awake(predicate)ness. The public was increasingly getting aware of the impacts of air pollution and the negative consequences of technological advancement.There were reports on the mass media on the dangers associated with increased research and development of nuclear weapons and power plants, ergonomics research especially on the DNA, disposal of toxic industrial waste and massive use of pesticides and fertilizers in the plantations. Protests against science and technology were witnessed in the 1970s. This created a deficiency for the National Science Board to embark on strategies of reducing the general cynicism towards science and technology in the United States (Pion and Mark, pg 303).Despite this, compared to other societies around the origination, the American societys attitude favor science and technology. Most of the Americans s wear that technological advancement makes them healthier and comfortable. Majority of the Americans today believes the scientists main aim is to make breeding easier for the ordinary Americans. Moreover, they believe that advancement in technology and its applications in their daily lives are interesting and create more opportunities for the future generations.However, about half of the Americans believe that the modern society is over-dependent on science and technology. It is interesting to note that the more the public learn about the improvement in technology and become aware of its positive and negative effective, their attitude shifts towards favoring technological development. This explains the increased perception that though technological advancement may have harmful effects on the environment or degrade the sanctity of human life, the benefits outweigh the negative effects (Science and Engineering Indicators, Para 5).However, this does not mean there are no concerns among the public on the increased dependence of science and technology among the Americans. The increased debates on humor change and ball-shaped warming has been blamed to be associated with technological advancement in the second half of the twentieth century. But a good number of Americans believe science and technology is the solution to the environmental problems responsible for climate change.The confidence held by the Americans on science and technology is due to the perception that technology was essential in the establishment of the United States as a world superpower. The supremacy of the United States military in the Second World War, the Vietnam War, and the confidence during the cold war, the gulf war and the current 21st war in affectionateness East has been attributed to science and technology. Americans therefore consider research and development as their greatest achievement in the 20th century (Miller, pg 274).Despite the increased debate on the biotechnology especia lly genetically modified organisms, Americans are still weighing the options with majority being opposed to adoption of biotechnological advancement in food production. biotech is not the only field of technology where the Americans are keenly listening to scientists to weigh their options. They are also closely monitoring research on global warming, space exploration and nuclear energy. In conclusion, the public perceptions on science and technology in America have changed progressively since the end of the Second World War.It is important to note that the Americans are more confident with science and technology compared to other societies in the world. Moreover, the perception of the public largely depends on the knowledge about the technology. Work Cited Liao, Dan. , Jiang, Lingrui. , Palmer, David. , Liu, Xiaoming and McCutcheon, Allan. Attitude towards Science and Technology in European New Member Countries A Cross-National Study. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the A merican tie for in the public eye(predicate) Opinion Association, Fontainebleau Resort, Miami Beach, FL,Mindell, David. The science and technology of World War II. Retrieved on 7th June 2010 from http//www. learnnc. org/lp/editions/nchist-worldwar/5. 3. Miller, J. D. universal understanding of, and attitudes toward, scientific research what we know and what we need to know. Public Understand. Sci. 13 (2004) 273294 National Academy of Engineering (2002) Technically Speaking Why All Americans Need to Know More About Technology. Washington, DC National Academy Press Pion, Georgine M. and Mark, W.Lipsey. Public Attitudes Toward Science and Technology What Have the Surveys Told Us? The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 45, No. 3 (1981), pp. 303-316 Science and Engineering Indicators. Science and Technology Public Attitudes and Understanding, (2004). http//www. nsf. gov/statistics/seind04/c7/c7s3. htm. Sturgis, P. I. Brunton-Smith, and C. Fife-Schaw. Public attitudes to genomic science a n experiment in information provision Public Understanding of Science, 19(2) (2010) pp 166 180.

Caso Scott and Sons Company Essay

O. M. Scott and Sons Company is a line of work in the lawn care and garden product industry. Currently, the company is reviewing the results of 1961 and preparing plans for the 1962 selling season. Sales were increasing and so is net income except for the year 1960 to 1961. he company is facing a good parsimony as evidence by the increase in sales. Industry is investing in research and development of products. Competitors are slowly entering the market. O. M. Scott and Sons Company is a business in the lawn care and garden product industry.Currently, the company is reviewing the results of 1961 and preparing plans for the 1962 selling season. Sales were increasing and so is net income except for the year 1960 to 1961. Presently, the company is exploitation a junto of tralatitious seasonal dating plan and trust receipt plan to encourage and enable as many dealers as attainable to be puff up stocked with in advance of seasonal sales peaks. Also, this combination was used to ret ain security interest in merchandise shipped. Documents the organizational changes that took distinguish at O.M. Scott & Sons Co. in response to their leveraged buyout. Provides the opportunity for students to discuss the violences of high leverage on management decision making, and the differences between operating as a polished footslogger of a large conglomerate and as a free-standing company. Focuses on the role of the LBO sponsor in the management of the company, the role of confining debt covenants, and the effect of changes in the honorarium system at the company. See more at http//www.iesep. com/es/o-m-scott-sons-co-leveraged-buyout-13961. htmlsthash. U5XhTQSy. dpuf Presently, the company is using a combination of traditional seasonal dating plan and trust receipt plan to encourage and enable as many dealers as possible to be well stocked in advance of seasonal sales peaks. Also, this combination was used to retain security interest in merchandise shipped. Documents the organizational changes that took place at O. M. Scott & Sons Co. in response to their leveraged buyout.Provides the opportunity for students to discuss the effects of high leverage on management decision making, and the differences between operating as a small subsidiary of a large conglomerate and as a free-standing company. Focuses on the role of the LBO sponsor in the management of the company, the role of restrictive debt covenants, and the effect of changes in the compensation system at the company. See more at http//www. iesep. com/es/o-m-scott-sons-co-leveraged-buyout-13961. htmlsthash. U5XhTQSy. dpuf he company is facing a good economy as evidenced by the increase in sales.Industry is investing in research and development of products. Competitors are slowly entering the market. O. M. Scott and Sons Company is a business in the lawn care and garden product industry. Currently, the company is reviewing the results of 1961 and preparing plans for the 1962 selling season. S ales were increasing and so is net income except for the year 1960 to 1961. Presently, the company is using a combination of traditional seasonal dating plan and trust receipt plan to encourage and enable as many dealers as possible to be well stocked in advance of seasonal sales peaks.Also, this combination was used to retain security interest in merchandise shipped. Documents the organizational changes that took place at O. M. Scott & Sons Co. in response to their leveraged buyout. Provides the opportunity for students to discuss the effects of high leverage on management decision making, and the differences between operating as a small subsidiary of a large conglomerate and as a free-standing company. Focuses on the role of the LBO sponsor in the management of the company, the role of restrictive debt covenants, and the effect of changes in the compensation system at the company. See more at http//www. iesep. com/es/o-m-scott-sons-co-leveraged-buyout-13961. htmlsthash. U5XhTQSy. dpuf he company is facing a good economy as evidenced by the increase in sales. Industry is investing in research and development of products. Competitors are slowly entering the market. O. M. Scott and Sons Company is a business in the lawn care and garden product industry. Currently, the company is reviewing the results of 1961 and preparing plans for the 1962 selling season.Sales were increasing and so is net income except for the year 1960 to 1961. Presently, the company is using a combination of traditional seasonal dating plan and trust receipt plan to encourage and enable as many dealers as possible to be well stocked in advance of seasonal sales peaks. Also, this combination was used to retain security interest in merchandise shipped. Documents the organizational changes that took place at O. M. Scott & Sons Co. in response to their leveraged buyout.Provides the opportunity for students to discuss the effects of high leverage on management decision making, and the difference s between operating as a small subsidiary of a large conglomerate and as a free-standing company. Focuses on the role of the LBO sponsor in the management of the company, the role of restrictive debt covenants, and the effect of changes in the compensation system at the company. See more at http//www. iesep. com/es/o-m-scott-sons-co-leveraged-buyout-13961. htmlsthash. U5XhTQSy. dpuf

Investigating the Impact of Climate Change on Dust Storms over Kuwait

Introduction patter impels are more(prenominal) frequent in summertime in the Arabian Peninsula, and can be high schoolly influential on the temper and the environment in the region. In this study, the influence of clime transmute in the nub East and especially in Kuwait entrust be investigated by high-resolution (48, 12, and 4 km grid spacing) kinetic downscaling using the WRF (Weather look & Forecasting) regulate. The WRF dynamic downscaling go forth be forced by reanalysis using the National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP) model for the years 1997, 2000, and 2008. The downscaling results bequeath be first validated by canvas NCEP model kayoedputs with the observational data. The global humor change dynamic downscaling model will be visitation using current WRF regional climate model (RCM) simulations (20062010) and WRF-RCM climate simulations of the futurity (20562060). They will be used to compare results amidst the present and the middle of the cent ury. In general, the dominant features from (NCEP) runs are predicted to be arranged with each other, as well as with WRF-RCM results. The influence of climate change in the shopping mall East and Kuwait can be projected from the differences between the current and model future run. The average temperature showed a positive trend in the future, as in other studies. The temperature was predicted to ontogenesis by around 0.5-2.5 C over the next 50 years. No significant change in mean sea level pressure patterns was projected. However, amongst other things, a change in the trend of the draw close wind uppers was indicated during summertime..Climate change is perceived as a significant global and regional issue and has scram a significant concern in the Middle East, making it all the more important to investigate (Almazroui, et.al. 2012). The short rainy seasons and the long dry hot summer seasons put more strain on water resources. The matter of increasing or decreasing the summe r junk season canmodify the radiation budget between earth and the atmosphere frame the aerosol can affect the incoming radiation by absorbing or scattering, and can change the outgoing terrestrial radiation(Almazroui, et.al. 2012).Therefore, this process may terzetto into changing the radiative balance, the increase of atmospheric albedo can decrement the percentage of radiation reaching the go on, which leads to cooling the climb (Almazroui,et.al. 2012).BackgroundSince 1985, seawater temperature in Kuwait Bay, northern Iranian Gulf, has increased on average 0.6 degrees Celsius per decade(Kulkarni, et.al. 2012).This is about three times faster than the global average rate reported by the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Differences are overdue to regional and local effects. Increased temperatures are having profound effects on key habitats and on power generation in the Persian Gulf (Kulkarni, et.al. 2012). Dust storms have large impacts across the Arabian Peninsul a region. Be creator of the highest recorded frequency of detritus, Kuwait is of great interest in the Arabian Peninsula. Dust has a huge impact on maximum temperatures in Kuwait, where it can decrease the 2 m temperature by as much as 5 C. Dust storms in Kuwait also hasve a huge impacton daily temperatures in summertime. The atmospheric aerosol which mostly consists of dust particles can scatter and absorb radiation, which will affect the radiative impact (Kulkarni,et.al. 2012). The scattering and absorption process can alter the incoming and outgoing radiation. Scattering increases the atmospheric albedo, leading to decreasing in surface radiation, resulting in surface cooling (Kulkarni, et.al. 2012). Usually, during dust storm days, the maximum temperature is reduced by 3 to 5 C in summertime. orbicular models can instance climate change globally, exclusively it is difficult to perform or illustrate regional circulations (Rajendran,et.al. 2013). Therefore, this study will not only attempt to run across out the impact of climate change on both the frequency and intensity of dust storms in Kuwait, but it will also analyzethe number and magnitude of dust storms in the future.Problem StatementA common synoptic system in the Arabian Peninsula during the summer is the intense pressure gradient, resulting from the Indian monsoon arising east of the Middle East and the East Mediterranean high pressure west of the region. This causes a strong northwesterly wind across the Arabian Peninsula which is known as the priest-doctor wind(Rajendran,et.al. 2013).Purpose of the ResearchThe main purpose of this research is to find the impact of climate change on the dust storms in Kuwait. The research aim is to find whether the number and magnitude of dust storms will increase or decrease in the future. Moreover, this research also aims to investigate the changes in the number of dust storm days in future summer seasons.Research QuestionsConsidering the aim of this study, the follwing research questions are designed. These research questions are designed to spefically adress the current issues associated with the climate change in Kuwait. What is the impact of climate change on both the frequency and intensity of dust storms in Kuwait? Whether the number and magnitude of dust storms will increase or decrease in the future?Significance of the ResearchThe increasing importance of understanding dust and its power in the Earths climate is driving new research and analysis of bygone data. Dust storms are becoming more frequent in some parts of the world, transporting prodigious quantities of veridical over very long distances, affecting world health, coral reefs and climate change (Kulkarni, et.al. 2012). Being able to predict the production of dust in the future is critical to the climate, environment, and gentlemans gentleman health. It is very important to investigate whether the number and magnitude of dust storms will increase or decrease in the future, as it will provide an idea of how the Earths ecosystem will change.Literature reviewMiddle East and the Arabian Peninsula ClimateMuch of the summer season in the Arabian Peninsula consists of a period of high diurnal temperature variation and hazy weather. The strong pressure gradient which is usually developed in June and July in the Arabian Peninsula creates a strong wind that results in dust storms (Marcella,et.al.2012). The strong Shamal wind tends to ease the temperature in the summer by decreasing the maximum temperature by 5 C on average due to dust. In other cases, the Shamal wind can be caused by a dry cold front in the Arabian Peninsula, which further reduces the maximum temperature in the area. By mid-July the strong pressure gradient in the area weakens considerably, leading to periods of light northwesterly winds. When there is a lack of a pressure gradient, the Shamal winds become weak, and its direction shifts to easterly to southeasterly in the afternoon due to the sea breeze effect near the coastal area in Kuwait. The thermal funky that usually develops over Iraq causes the weak pressure gradient near Kuwait and the eastern region of Saudi Arabia (Rajendran,et.al.2013).Global Climate ModelingGlobal climate models (GCMs) have the ability to pattern large scale global circulation for the atmosphere and the ocean. The GCMsare used worldwide by scientist to study different climate variables in different regions to investigate climate change. Global climate models can simulate possible future climates model, and can compute several simulations with various greenhouse gas emissions (Graff &LaCasce, 2012).Wind SpeedScientists investigated the changes in mean wind velocity globally and in different regions in the past, present, and future. Declining wind f numbers in middle and lower latitudes are critical to the prediction of future global wind make haste changes (Karnauskas,et.al.2009). However, it is significant to understand how clima te change can influence wind speed and direction, because they are controlled by atmospheric circulation patterns, which have been indicated by many studies to change globally. In most studies that are based on climate change, results showed that wind speed has changed over the past and will continue to change in future, but it varies between regions and seasons. In the future, some regions may experience an increase in wind speed while some other regions may experience a decrease. Investigating increase or decrease of wind speed regionally will provide a future look in terms of dust storms expansion or shrinking in the Arabian Peninsula (Gillett,et.al. 2003).TemperatureChanges in extreme temperatures over a long time period were analysed by Yan,et.al (2002). They determined that not only low temperatures have been decreasing and high temperatures have been increasing during the last decades, but also that there have been earlier changes in these extremes. A high increase in tempera ture took place between 1910 and 1945 and from 1970 to the present, when the temperature increased by 0.16 C and 0.17 C per decade, respectively, which is about three times more than the increase during the past century(Yan,et.al.2002). This has been a major cause for concerns for public heatlh as fluctuation in the environment temperautre increase global warming. This may increase air pollution, and thus thr chance of air borne diseases.regional Climate ModelingClimate scientists around the world are investigating climate change by using the downscaling model to ensure higher resolution for more enhanced results (Bichet,et.al.2012). The higher resolution model or the regional climate model that have been downscaled from the global climate model provide a break out picture over complex terrain, land-water contrast, regional variations in land use, and regional circulation (Catalano & Moeng, 2010). The regional climate model is becoming the tool of preference in their research. Reg ional climate model simulations for regions similar to the Arabian Peninsula are few.Focusing on the eastern region where Kuwait is located, the model simulation shows a decrease in surface wind speed in both scenarios. Wind speeds are the main cause for dust storms in the region, so a decrease of wind speed in the future should lead to a decrease in dust storms in Kuwait and the Arabian Peninsula (Chu,et.al.2013).MethodologyResearch DesignThe research design in this research shall be based on the secondary data and this is the reason that the following research study is based on qualitative eesearch design and therefore, the proposed study will be exploratory in nature. Data are to be collected and information wwill be gathered by using a number of secondary sources, much(prenominal) as the media, publications and literature. By considering goals of the present study, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) will be analyzed as a modelin order to find the impact of climate change on both the frequency and intensity of dust storms in Kuwait and whether the number and magnitude of dust storms will increase or decrease in the future.As a sample size, GCM will be used to provide lateral forcing for WRF runs for two five-year time periods in which first five years run will be in 2006-2010 and second five years run will be in 2056-2060.The purpose is to investigate the frequency of dust storms comparing the present simulations with future simulations. Since the WRF does not simulate dust storms directly, the research will focus on identifying regional conditions conducive to dust storms and analyze the change in frequency of these synoptic conditions under a selected climate scenario.Ethical ConsiderationsEthical considerations will be prioritised to first place during this research and all the primary and secondary sources of data will be collected in accordance with the privacy policies. The research analysis and findings will be incorporated at the end and they w ill be just based on the observation of the researcher, and the analyis of data will be made.ConclusionThe main of this project is to investigate the effect of climate changes in dust storms in Kuwait. These aims were targeded with the view to creating an awarness in regards to possible detrimental effects that can be induced by such changes. It is predicted that knowing the effectsof such changes will also help oneself to predict whether the number and magnitude of dust storms will increase or decrease in the future. Since dust storms frequently hit Kuwait, it may affect human health and coral reefs, as well as have direct association with climate change in Kuwait. Wind speeds are the main cause for dust storms in the region, so a decrease of wind speed in the future should lead to a decrease in dust storms in Kuwait and the Arabian Peninsula (Chu,et.al.2013).REFERENCESAlmazroui, M., M.N. Islam, and H. Athar, 2012 Recent climate change in the Arabian Peninsula annual rainfall and temperature analysis of Saudi Arabia for 1978-2009, International Journal of Climatology, vol. 32, pp. 953-966.Bichet, A., M. Wild, D. Folini, and C. Schar, 2012 Causes for decadal variations of wind speed over land Sensitivity. Geophysical Research Letters, vol.39, no. 11, pp.1107-1111.Catalano, F. and C.H. Moeng, 2010 Large-eddy simulation of the daytime boundary layer in an idealized valley using the Weather Research and Forecasting numerical model. Bound.-Layer Meteor, vol. 137, pp. 4975.Chu, C., X. Yang, X. Ren, and T. Zhou, 2013 Response of Northern Hemispheric storm tracks to Indian-western Pacific Ocean warming in atmospheric general circulation models, ClimDyn, vol. 40, pp.1057-1070.Gillett, N. P., F.W. Zwiers, A.J. Weaver, and P. A. Stott, 2003 Detection of human influence on sea-level pressure. Nature, vol. 422, no. 292-294.Graff, L. S, J. H. LaCasce, 2012 Changes in the extratropical storm tracks in response to changes in SST in an AGCM. J. Climate, vol. 25, pp. 1854187 0.Karnauskas, K.B., R. Seager, A. Kaplan, Y. Kushnir, and M.A. Cane, 2009 Observed strengthening of the zonal sea surface temperature gradient across the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, vol. 22, no.16, pp. 43164321.Kulkarni, A., 2012 Weakening of Indian summer monsoon rainfall in warming environment, TheorApplClimatol, vol109, pp.447459.Marcella, Marc P., Elfatih A. B. Eltahir, 2012 Modeling the summertime climate of Southwest Asia The role of land surface processes in shaping the climate of semiarid regions. J. Climate, vol. 25, pp. 704719.Rajendran,K., S. Sajani, C. B. Jayasankar and A. Kitoh, 2013 How depended is climate change projection of Indian summer monsoon rainfall and extreme events on model resolution?. Current Science,Vol. 104, no.10, pp. 1409-1418.Zhang, Y., V. Duliere, P. W. Mote, and E. P. Salathe, 2009 Evaluation of WRF and HadRMmesoscale climate simulations over the U.S. Pacific Northwest. J. Climate, vol. 22, no. 55115526.

Free and Fair Election

Free and Fair Election The electoral transcription have to be unobjectionable and vindicatory and to ensure this, free and fair election will be held when the Parliament is dissolved or finish its sitting duration of 5 years. A free and fair election must(prenominal) be in orderly manner and it must not have coup detat detat. Coup detat is meant by a sudden decisive exercise of force in politics . It is an alteration of an existing g everyplacenment by a scurvy group that tend to create riots and chaos. The current Malaysia government believe that Bersih 2. 0 and 3. 0 is an attempted coup detat to topple the government an allegation make by the Prime Minister himself.But the 8 demands from Bersih 2. 0 have no bias standing against any of the governmental parties in Malaysia. Basically they just cute a sluttish and fair election, which is the native element in the electoral system. Malaysia practices the simple plurality system which is likewise known as first-past-the-post system. The hallmark of this system is that constituencies are single-member constituencies and a candidate with the sizeablest vote wins the electoral district even if it does not constitute an absolute majority of the electors.Article 116 and 117 constitute that representatives at State and federal official level are divided into constituencies in accordance with the provisions contained in the Thirteenth Schedule. This system is following the Westminster post system which is also followed by UK and India. The MP who won the election does not usually equal to the majority of votes. They won the election by simple majority but not the entire popularity of the voters. The fundamental built on this system is that each voter is entitled to only one vote. Constituencies are approximately equal in population size so that it carries the same value.All constituencies are single-member constituencies so that there are as many electoral districts as there are sit down in the elected cham ber. save one ballot is held and the candidate obtaining the most votes is declared elected. Candidate with the largest vote wins. The advantages of the simple plurality system are that it produces a clear winner it provides political stability reduce the number of political parties represented in Parliament enables stability in government and ensures easy passage of legislation through Parliament. Furthermore, it avours large groups and coalition and eliminates small parties, making it an easy tunnel for the legislation making to pass through. There is no perfection in everything, so does the political electoral system. bingle of the defects of first-past-the-post system is that it produces parliaments that are elected but not representative. Democratic legitimate is in doubt because the ascendancy of government population is usually on a lower floor 50%. Voters who voted for unsuccessful candidates receive no representation in Parliament. In 1982, 60. 5% of the votes gave to the Barisan 85. 7% of the constituencies. In 2004, 63. % of the ballots translated to 90. 41 seats in the Dewan Rakyat. These flaws can be minimized with the system of proportional representation where the parliamentary seats are picturen to the parties in proportion to the number of votes obtained by them. In single mobile vote system, a candidate is elected only if he obtains the quota of the vote cast. It is a multi-member constituency but each voter has only one vote and he is required to mark come forth his preference for different candidates. In the list system,each party is allowed to put up a list of candidates equal to the number of seats to be filled.The voter gives his vote to the whole list en bloc. There must have an honest and competent administration to run the election so that the election will be fair. The Election Commission must be fair. Article 114(2) of FC written that in appointing members of the Election Commission the YDPA shall have regard to the grandness o f securing an Election Commission which enjoys man confidence. This implies that public confidence is essential and to gain the public trust, independent and fair Election Commission is a must.In Article 114(4)(b) and (c) also clearly stated that the YDPA shall by order remove from office any member of the Election Commission if such member engages in any give office or employment outside the duties of his office or is a member of either House of Parliament or of the Legislative Assembly of a State. By staying away from the executive and legislative branch, it prevents the Election Commission from choosing side or bias towards any of the party in the election. Even their remuneration comes from amalgamated fund as stated in Article 114(5) of Federal Constitution.This proves that the Election Commission is neutral from the government. Their duties are to put up election, keep the election roll clean and constitutes boundary as listed. Mobilising organisations like political parti es aided our country to envisage democracy. Non-political associations and organisations like firms, industries, trade unions and religious organisations help to create and mobilize public opinion. This indicates that substantial system of a political party is essential to ensure fair and free election. In Malaysia political parties are allowed but they must apply for enrolment under Societies Act.Nearly 34 political parties are registered with the Registrar of Societies. The ruling Barisan National is the worlds most enduring political coalition. Starting out as the Alliance since 1955, today it has 14 parties, 9 which won federal parliamentary seats. There are 20 registered opposition parties, 4 of which gained parliamentary representation. To achieve a free and fair election, candidates must apply the general rules of fair play. Equal chances should be given to each participating parties to conduct their election campaign.Election campaign could be conducted through media and s preading their propaganda. Shifting voters illegally, creating phantom voters, granting illegal immigrants citizenship and the right to vote, buying votes, handing out cash aid to vulnerable groups, and intimidating voters are crimes of election and must not be conducted in any way. The use of propaganda is limited in some countries by forbidding use of opinion polls, newspaper advertisement and stand to house campaigns. Giving of free transport, food and bribes to the electorate is forbidden.But government after government gets around the law by promising or delivering development aid just before the election (Prof. Shad Saleem Faruqi, 2008). In Malaysia, under the Elections (Conduct of Elections) Regulations 1959-82, the period for election campaign has been progressively shortened from the period of 147 days to a minimum of 11 days. The conduct of the campaign is supposed to be fair and equal to each participating parties. But the Governments ban on political processions on the aver ground of security make the certain parties unable to reach the electorate and to mobilise public opinion.The short campaign period limits out the other parties to reach out to the electorate. The ownership and control of the mainstream print and electronic media by the Government or groups affiliated with the ruling coalition like TV3, Bernama and Berita Harian gives the Government an unfair advantage over its opponents. These issues need to be addressed and redressed. The right to speech, manufacturing and association are the essential pillars of a democratic set-up to reach the goal of free and fair election. Speech, assembly and association are restrained considerably in Malaysia.Though Article 10(1) enshrines these freedoms, Articles 10(2), 10(4), 149 and 150 permit the Parliament to impose restrictions on the exercise of these freedoms on 14 constitutionally permissible grounds. A plethora of laws has been enacted under the authority of the Constitution to ensure that e lectoral zeal does not compromise race relations, national security and public order. As in during ordinary or election campaign, processions, public rallies and assemblies are not allowed except with a police permit under the Police Act. The fresh case of Bersih 2. rally was an assembly that was not permitted by the Police Act, although their organization was legal and permitted. The root to achieve fair and free election results is through the votes. Malaysia uses the One vote, one value which is based on one cardinal principle- that constituencies should be approximately equal in population size so as to give reality to the principle of one person, one vote, one value. This principle is an offshoot of the rule of equality before the law. The weightage of the votes are differ based on geographic areas, basically categorized into rural and urban area.The Baker v Carr rules gives parliaments a primarily urban bias. For this reason many countries including Malaysia allow rural const ituencies to be littler in population size than urban electoral districts. Rural or urban are not defined in the Constitution and wide disparities in population exist from constituency to constituency. Population, geographical size and the urban-rural dichotomy seem to have exerted influence. Labuan, Putrajaya, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Sabah and Perlis are over-represented. Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Johor and Terengganu are under-represented in the federal legislature.

Anti †Discrimination Laws Related to Employment Essay

*About usPartners in information are a company that was established in 2000. We provide children with one(a) on one reading support. In a structured environment that is web based the curriculum engages our students. This program also provides basic building blocks to supplement the childrens academic growth.*Summary of positionPartner in reading is looking for a talented administrative assistant to provide much needed administrative support. Your business line description ranges from general office support to calendaring, expense reconciliation travel and planning for events and preparing board meetings transactions and follow us. The most qualified person for the job will have a strong put to work ethic. They will possess in performance with much attention to detail. The hind enddidate will take mimic and apply their knowledge with little to no direction. Diplomacy, tact, calendar fluency travel arrangements and time management is a big part of the job.*ResponsibilitiesOffic e managementDevelopment and outreach coordinatorExecutive and administrative support*QualificationsBachelors degree or equivalent cogniseTwo years prior work experience in a professional settingGreat communication skills, organizational and interpersonal skills Excellent computer skills experience with Microsoft, excel, power point and word*Preferred QualificationsPast experience with nonprofit sectionStrong technology skills, fluent with goggle apps and internet search skills Project management skills experience managing and working with groups to accomplish a bigger goal*CompensationDepends on experience*10 dirty QuestionsWhere were you born?What is your native speech communication?Are you married?Do you plan to get pregnant?How old are you?Do you detect Yom Kippur?Do you have a disability or chronic illness?Are you in the depicted object Guard?Do you smoke or use alcohol?*10 Legal QuestionsBackground life choiceLife goalsInterests outside of workEducationStrengths and flim synessesBest jobWhy should I contract you?How do you handle stress and pressure?How do you evaluate success?Some interview questions can get the interviewer in trouble and can destroy the success of the interview. Avoid tops that can really easily qualify you for a discrimination lawsuit. Poorly structured phases will result in weak answers or may even scare the candidate a counselling. Questions should pertain to the job that your interviewing for this will be the safest way to interview a potential employee.Doyle, A. Top 10 Interview Questionswww.jobsearch.about.com/od/interviewquestions/a/top10interviewquestions Thornberrys. (2007) 10 Illegal job interview questionswww.techrepublic.com/blog/10things/steer-clear-of-these-10-illegal0job-interview-questions/229

Rene Descartes Essay

It is a well-established f meet in various literatures in philosophical system that Rene Descartes pioneered the modern ism tradition. He was the first one who veered away from philosophic tradition that uses Christian reliance as the backbone of philosophizing such that of the minds of the medieval philosophers. Rene Descartes main philosophical thesis is derived from his famous cost of modeological skepticism or meta fleshly doubt. In this watch, he seeks to arrive at a sterilise of principles that will thence lead him to prove the truth without generating any doubt.According to his thesis, those things that poop be doubted should non be considered as genuine cognition. Consequently those that faecal matternot be doubted in any respect can be the foundation of genuine knowledge. There is a single principle that he uses as the foundation of his philosophy namely the thought populates. Given that a thought cannot be separated from a any individual who thinks, then, the th inking person exists. It is in this simplistic manner that we can come to know and, hence, verify our existence.If a person doubts his existence and, since, nobody can deny the f phone number that doubting is righteous other act of thinking, then (by so doing the doubting), the person is in a way asserting his own existence. The very act of doubting your own existence is a proof that you exist. The nature of mind in his writings can be seen to have a distinct function which is to think. It is an indivisible, non-extended thing. But to better understand his propositions in file name extension to the mind, we must take into account his proposed mind and body task. The non-thinking thing, he states, is the body.It is a divisible, extended thing and a material substance that suggests spatial extendedness. The mind and body can so exist independently of individually other and while any person can doubt of his own body, he can never doubt his own mind the thinking thing. It is thro ugh hitch of the necessary existence which is embodied in the clear and distinct view of the supremely perfect be that we can so acquire knowledge of God. He holds his view that the necessary existence cannot be disconnected to the essence of the supremely perfect being (God) without any form of contradiction.Moreover, the existence of God is indeed conspicuous and self-evident according to his thesis. The cause that contains much(prenominal) of a reality that the fair game of the idea has is God. The God put the idea of something that exists clearly and distinctly in our minds. The idea of something draws its reality from the cause. Gods existence is, for Descartes, the most basic mathematical truth. For any person to arrive at genuine knowledge, one has to know the distinction between impulses that lead one to consider and insights to necessary truths. The former implies that it cannot be doubted whereas the latter cannot be doubted at all.The latter are the principles in our minds by which we acquire knowledge. We must also consider where the phantasms are coming from in our epistemological pursuit. God, according to him, can never lead people to deception and if only people will use their abilities that they received from God, on that point will be no chance for any faults. But since people do not considerably stay in the narrow realm of truth because of the clashing interests of the will and intellect, people fail to have it off sound judgments. champions should not be relied upon (in searching for a genuine knowledge) for they only serve confused notions of matter.Sense lights are the results of the bodys influence in the mind not from the minds apprehension of the necessary characteristics of matters. Rene Descartes believes that people obtain knowledge through the apprehension of the necessary attri only whenes of beings. The physical instauration, for Descartes, should be figure as a complicated machine but not in the manner of using our tangible perceptions rather by the way it is cognized in mathematical terms. The idea that philosophy should have an exact method like that of the inhering science of first came from Franz Brentano.Franz Brentano is known because of his works in philosophy of psychology and his reintroduction of the pattern of knowledgeableity. Unlike Rene Descartes, Brentano does not use the idea of God in his philosophy and his explanations concerning his theses. Intentionality, according to his writings, can be summed up into the relationship of moral phenomena (consciousness) and the physical phenomena, that is, every single cordial phenomena or any noetic act has content and is directed towards an object (intentional object).To signify the status of the object of thoughts in the mind, Franz Brentano uses the term intentional inexistence. The mental phenomenon has the capacity to be intentional, thus it can have an intentional object that the physical phenomenon does not have the ability of generating of. Physical phenomenon is deficit of the ability of generating original intentions but can assist in the progress of intentional relationship in a second-hand manner called derived intentionality.On the other hand, Franz Brentano states that a mental phenomenon is not dependent on the actual existence of an object to be able to form a quasi-relation to it. It should be noted that a thing that does not exist literally in the physical world can be an intentional object of a mental phenomenon. There are criteria to disparateiate mental phenomena from physical phenomena. The three most important among those are (1) the exclusive object of inner perception is the mental phenomena, (2) mental phenomena appear as unity and (3) they are directed to an object with a certain course of intentionality.Mental acts do not necessary have duration. When we are directed towards an object, the object does not vaporize from our consciousness for it remains present but just in an alt ered state. On the contrary, this is not close to the act of remembering per se but rather a kind of memory that keeps what had been experienced lively. In the epistemological sense, Franz Brentano states that all knowledge should be from direct experiences that entails the use of first person pronoun, I. However, this should not be confused in the idea that Brentano is upholding the standard of empirical science nowadays.He is introducing here another of approach of performing psychology from an empirical standpoint. This means that those things that one directly experiences in inner perception must be described using the first-person point of view. This then inaugurates another brand of empiricism. Resembling the idea of Descartes, Brentano maintains the idea that perception is erroneous and it could not lead us to de facto existence of the perceived world which could be just an illusion. Moreover, he believes that we can find absolute certainty in our inner perception.Just like the task that we can see in Descartes disapproval of the use of bodily senses in approaching knowledge, we cannot deem Brentanos ideas compatible to the tenets of natural science and its course of experimentations. Reality for Franz Brentano does not reside on the perceived world. As what has been mentioned above, the perceived world can only be an illusion and to properly combat this possible error in our judgment (if we only rely on our senses), we must put in higher regard our introspection of our inner perception.Following Franz Brentanos concept of intentionality, Edmund Husserl has formulated another version of the study of the complex body part of consciousness and its corresponding acts. There is a remarkably similar ideas perpetuating from Brentanos ideas to that of Husserl notion of the consciousness or the mind. The consciousness acts deliberately toward an intentional object. Consciousness then is always directed toward something, whatever that something is. But then again, the concepts that these two philosophers individually present do not resemble each others in all aspects.Edmund Husserl proposes that there is a need in pointing out the differences between the act of consciousness and the phenomena at which the act is intentionally directed. We must know the object-in-itself, transcendent to consciousness. Phenomenology does not displace the notion that objects are indeed real but it puts these objects under the method of bracketing just so to regard the object as it is and not merely that of the objects features. It also seeks to pinpoint the constant features that define how objects are perceived.In a phenomenological standpoint, the object is not regarded based on its impertinent features, it is not its aboutness that is being scrutinized, it is the object-in-itself. It is not, therefore, in the business of phenomenology to assume the existence of anything. It is a discipline that means to describe the things in themselves. Edmund Husser l gives a little significance to the perennial metaphysical problem of setting up the whole foundation of material reality of what we constantly perceive. The task of a philosopher, for him, is to wait at essences of things.The knowledge of essences can only be attained by not letting the assumptions of an external world interfere in epistemological pursuit. This is bracketing that is entailed in the procedure called epoche. It is through constant act of change the object in our imagination that we can then arrive at the essences of that object. Husserls notion of natural standpoint is marked by a certain belief that there are objects that materially exist and that their properties and characteristics are exhibited by them that we then perceive. He declares that mental and spiritual (mind) realities are not the same.These two different concepts are independent of any kind of physical evidences. The above paragraph implies that the natural science, in Husserls philosophy, is also i n a problematic seat just like the problem we see in Descartes and Brentanos philosophy. The true knowledge is not attainable in the realm of empirical observation yet there is rationality involved. The brand of reality that these three philosophers advertise is the reality that we cannot grasp in the physical world. Reality does not have a place in the realm of the senses.

Kim Sung & Kim Jong

From an archean date Korean political culture is characterised by isolationism and a strong desire to maintain the countrys independency (Kim Il interpret, para 2). Relationship with its neighbouring countries are poor and with the countries in the western hemisphere, are almost friction match to zero. Even with such relationships, Korea has been unable to stop the encroachment of its neighbours. It was made the Japenese protectorate in 1905 and later the way out of Japenese immigrants in Korea have risen so much that the Koreans have become second-class citizens within their declare land.Kim Il SungKim Il Sungs real name was Kim Song Ju. He was born in Pyongyang on 15th April, 1912. At the age of 17 he was jailed for being a part of a student political group led by the South Manchurian communistic Youth Association. After his release from jail he joined the Anti-Japanese United Army. He emerged as a significant leader in this time period and later changed his name to Kim Il S ong, in applaud of his uncle who participated in nation-wide protests against the Japenese in 1919.Kim Il Sung as a leaderAfter the Second World War the Korean peninsula was divided into dickens parts, North and South. North Korea was sponsored by Russia musical composition the South was aided by USA. Kim Il Sung was selected to take charge of the formation of a provisional g everywherenment for the North. Under his leadership the Korean Workers Party was inaugurated.A number of reforms were introduced to the North, including an eight-hour working day, equality of the sexes, and suppression of religion. Land and wealth formerly belonging to the Japanese or to enemies of the regime was confiscated and redistributed, industry was nationalised, and Soviet-style economical planning was initiated (Kim Il Sung, para 12) His opponents within the political party were purged to secure his absolute rule. Kim led the legions committee, coordinating action against the South Koreans in 19 50.With carefully hustling plans and without any warning to the South Koreans, his army swarmed into the South. The war continued for three eld and during these three years approximately three million people lost their lives. Between 600,000 and one million North Koreans needlessly starved to death due to the economic legacy of Kims regime. Kim claimed to have won that war but no peace treaty was ever signed.Kim Il Sung, through land reclamation, gave priority to increased agricultural production. He emphasised on trade, developed the countrys infrastructure, and encouraged people to rely on domestic eithery produced equipment. He discouraged them to level think about foreign aid and taught them that self reliance should be the key goal to everyones success. From 1972 onwards, North Korea became poorer because it could non afford to buy advance technology from the West and its industrial production declined. A disposition cult had glorified Kim, but by the mid-1990s the rapid economic growth of North Koreas early years had given way first to stagnation and then to weighed downship, and there was widespread dissatisfaction with the repressive regime (Scalapino & Lee p.175)When he died in 1994, the country lost its venerated founding leader. sound a few years earlier, its powerful alliances had evaporated with the fall of the Soviet bloc and Chinas move toward a market-based administration. The economic system was on the rocks and energy and food were in short supply. A series of weather disasters, combined with an inefficient state-run agricultural system, further eroded the food supply, leading to mass starvation (Dear Leader or Demon, para 12)Kim Jong IlKim Il Sungs successor, Kim Jong Il, was born on 16th June, 1942. Growing up in a time when anti Japanese revolutionary struggle was at its peak, Kim Jong Il civilised uncommon characteristics and qualities through his experiences of his real life and practical activities. During his training peri od under his fathers tutelage in the 1970s, he was often referred to as the Party Center, and he launched a number of campaigns to take over the everyday operations of the Party.When he came to power on the death of his father in 1997, Kim Jong-Il ruthlessly set about establishing his own authority. His government is said to be extremely secretive and brutal to dissidents. Kims disastrous agricultural and economic policies have caused his people to suffer under one of the worlds longest, deadliest famines. On the domestic front, Kim has given occasional signs that he favors economic reforms similar to those carried out in China by Deng Xiaoping.But at home he has make little or nonhing to relax the absolute control of the state and party over all aspects of economic life. He has certainly given no sign of considering the de- collectivization of agriculture, which was the foundation of Dengs reforms (Chong-Il p. 84). With the sort of mountain chain Kim Jong Il carries around with him piece of musicy analysts thought that the communist regime would finally come to an end in North Korea, but it is almost a decade since he has been in power and still vox populi over North Korea and extending his fathers philosophy of Juche. Kim Il Sungs style of notion his country according to Stalinism was submerged into his Juche philosophy and later it subordinated into a more than militant rootage of Kim Jong Ils Red Banner Policy.Kim Jong Il has been accused of being involved in two bombings one in Rangoon in 1983 and another in 1987, which killed all passengers in a South Korean airplane. No evidence directly links Kim Jong Il to the bombings, however, and some analysts believe his father was still securely in control of international activities throughout the 1980s, while giving his son more power over domestic affairs. He spends more than 25% of his countrys annual GNP on the host while most of the citizens go hungry. Jong Il has overly proved himself to be a m ovie buffer and has directed a couple of movies himself and written six operas, while his scientists make nuclear war heads.Kim Il Sung as a CommunistIn the words of Morelly, the author of the influential treatise Le Code de la Nature, make in 1755 The only vice which I know in the universe is avarice all the others, whatever name one gives them, are merely forms, degrees of it. . . . Analyze vanity, conceit, pride, ambition, deceitfulness, hypocrisy, villainy break down the majority of our in advance(p) virtues themselves, they all dissolve in this subtle and pernicious element, the desire to possess.Such economically determined psychology lies at the root of every socialist and communist doctrine (Pipes 2001). Kim Il Sung was one man who was obsessed with gaining power over not only his own people but he went to extremes and even created his own religion so that the people should start worshipping him. When workers of the Korean Workers Party tried to over support Kim in 195 3, the eleven conspirators, who failed in their coup, were not only executed but their properties were confiscated as well. He purged his opponents in all possible ways in order to ensure that he stays in power.Kim Il Sungs personality was a true speciman of a communist. Russia had an influence over the political system of North Korea right from the onset. Kim Il Sung was highly impressed by the communist rule in Russia and he developed a Marxist-Leninist political ideology that emphasises the need for autonomy and patriotic self-reliance. Called Juche, or Kim Il Sung Thought, the ideology demanded total loyalty to the paramount leader and the religion of Kim Il Sungism, and evince on the benefits of sacrifice, austerity, discipline, dedication, unity, and patriotism. It has been described as encyclopedic thought which provides a complete answer to any incertitude that arises in the struggle for national venting and class emancipation, in the building of socialism and communism. The practical ensnare of Juche was to seal the DPRK off from virtually all foreign trade (Kim Il Sung, para 38).Kim Il Sungs personality cult was similar to that of Stalin. In that he was accused of tampering history, totalism and injustice and self glorification. Kims zeal for communsim is evedient from the fact that the North Korean media, which is owned and controlled by the state, promoted Kims image as an infallible genius and the driving force behind the resistance to the Japanese and the liberation of the North. Kim had more than 34,000 monuments of himself erected throughout the country. Practice of any other religion except the worship of Kim Il Sung was outlawed. The official calender started from his birthday and that day was an official holiday too.Kim Il Sung was so obssessed with his ideals that he started to believe in himself in a godly manner. The painters and artists of the country were instucted to paint only his personality in a pompous manner and project it to the rest of the country. All this was believed, by Kim Il Sung, as not a forceful extension of his one-man show personality to the masses but he had in truth started to live in a pseudo-shell of belief that the citizens of his country actually adored him.In my point of view the personality of Kim Il Sung was a fragment and extension of Stalin. This is supported by the fact that he not only tried to follow him in the way he ruled North Korea but he also sought his help and looked up to him in various matters of state. In the Korean War of 1950-1953, while South Korea was supported by USA, North Korea was aided by USSR primarily because it was a communist country. Kim Jong Il has proved himself to be a true replica of his father.He has not only ensured the continuity of his fathers policies and reforms but he has also gone to the extent of further subjugating the agrigarian community by spending more on his military might. He has promoted his fathers personality cult by making it a c ompulsion for each citizen to visit Kim Il Sungs moseleum atleast once each year and also by paying tribute to the Senior Kim by wearing lapel badges and all those who dare to offend are sent to concentration camps within the country. Kim Il Sung has become so much part of a North Koreans daily life that to reject Kim is more like rejecting his own self.ConclusionWith 1% of the citizens in concentration camps and 25% of GNP being utilized to further the rulers military prowess, North Korea is definitely not in pursuit of a prosperous future. While the exiguity of the rudimentary facilties of life and the over all plight of the nation is being blamed on the West in general and the US in particular, nobody dares to question the extravagent life of the dictators of North Korea. North Korea is going through its worst era right now with its predominent support/donor, in the shape of USSR, disintegrated and with the West pressing hard on it on the contentious issue of its nuclear program me.ReferencesClark, Carol. (2001). Kim Jong Il, Dear Leader or Demon? Retrieved 13 May 2006Chong-Il, Kim. (1986). Life and literature. Pyongyang, Korea Foreign Languages Publishing House.Harris, Bruce. (2004). Kim Il Sung. Retrieved 12 May 2006Pipes, Richard. (2001). Communism A History. Random House Publishing Group.R. A. Scalapino and C. S. Lee. (1992). Communism in Korea. Seoul Ilchokak.

Comparative Study of Visible Light Spectra Emitted

One discrepancy is that according to the table above, take must be the close saturated, this is not the case for the experiment, however, due to the age of the device and its degenerated bulbs one of the study faults of first generation LED displays An separate part of the objectives of the study was to compare the light spectra with respect to incompatible colors as well as visible light the group initially tried altering the enduringness Of the light sources to see if changing the intensity would cause a signifi suffert difference in the observations.The only when difference found by increasing (or decreasing) the light intensity was that the visible light spectrum was brighter (or dimmer). No other characteristic of the visible light spectrum changes. 4. Conclusion Given the characteristics based on the grabs standard, it is apparent that the monitor with the most accurate color reproduction is the PIPS screen followed by the LED and lastly the Retina. Color reproduction ca n be concluded to be directly related to the width of the white light spectra produced by the screens the wider the spectra the to a greater extent accurate the color reproduction. TheLED not matching the literature for having the most saturated display of color is because of the degenerated bulbs that is a common problem for first generation LED screens. The resolution, on the other hand, did not seem to equal the visible light spectra. Comparing the light spectra with different brightness does not vary the results it only contributes to the brightness or dimness of the spectra. In future experiments, some of the improvements considered are finding a more regularise color application, using a more advanced spectrometer, and comparing newer devices.

Basketball / Football Essay

Brown nut case basket junky and football racy argon devil entirely different sports but relate in so many ways. Americans and other countries have the pastimes of both Basketball and football for many many years with family and friends. They be both competitive, mutation team sports with many similarities and differences. But their formation and composition a very similar.Basketball and footballs have many similarities. They are both a team sport. They both require team choke by all players, but the team can equable be effected by the actions of an individual. some(prenominal) sports have a designated criterion of players required to play at adept time. Basketball has five players and football has eleven players. Also substitutes are needed for both sports to fill in for injuries, etc. Basketball and football game both use a light weight ball during play. Although they are the resembling color, the shape and hearty for which they are made is different. In both sports the ball is used to score points.In Basketball the ball is used to shoot a basket and score 2-3 points. In Football the ball is carried to the end zona to score 6 points. You can say that basketball is a jeopardize of ups and football is a game of downsThere is overly many differences in Basketball and Football. Basketball is a non-contact sport. Physical contact is considered a violation and will cause a foul on the team who made the contact. Whereas, Football is a full contact sport. Physical confrontation, tackles and rough play is expected and required in this sport. or so memorize Football for the excite handst of the physical aggression of the game. While Basketball is watched for the intense excitement of the rack up organism made.Basketball requires no protective equipment since it is considered a non-contact sport. The uniform is simply shorts, swollen shirt and tennis shoes. Football on the other hand requires the use of protective equipment because of the aggressive ness of the sport. Most players fall apart shoulder pads, hip pads, thigh pads, knee pads, tail bone pad, and a helmet for protection. Some players even wear a ridicule safe for added protection.Another difference between these two sports are the surfaces they are play on, as hearty as the elements they are undefended to. Basketball is play indoors on a shiny butterfly approximately a quarter of the size of a football field. While Basketball is typically played indoors, it can also be played outdoors on a concrete court. This is commonly cognize as alley ball. Basketball is enjoyed more due to the fact that its indoors and the climate is controlled. Football is played outdoors on a grass or turf field one hundred yards in length, where you are exposed to all the inclements of weather.Finally, both basketball and football are among the many favorite pastimes today. both sports are played by both men and women and both require a certain amount on physical fitness. These two s ports teach self-discipline, help players develop physically, and team work.Larry FosterEnglish hundred and one/Pierce CollegeCompare & Contrast Final Draft26 April 2014Brown BallBasketball and Football are two entirely different sports but relate in so many ways. Americans and other countries have the pastimes of both Basketball and Football for many many years with family and friends. They are both competitive, fun team sports with many similarities and differences. However, their formation and composition a very similar.Basketball and Footballs have many similarities. They are both a team sport. They both require teamwork by all players, but the team is still affected by the actions of an individual. Both sports have a designated amount of players required to play at one time. Basketball has five players and Football has eleven players. In addition, substitutes are needed for both sports to fill in for injuries, etc. Basketball and Football both usea lightweight ball during play. Although they are the same color, the shape and material for which they are made is different. In both sports the ball is used to score points.In Basketball, the ball is used to shoot a basket and score 2-3 points. In Football, the ball is carried to the end regularize to score 6 points. You can say that basketball is a game of ups and football is a game of downsThere is also many differences in Basketball and Football. Basketball is a non-contact sport. Physical contact is considered to be a violation and will cause a foul on the team who made the contact. Whereas, Football is a full contact sport. Physical confrontation, tackles and rough play is expected and required in this sport. Some watch Football for the excitement of the physical aggression of the game. While Basketball is watched for the intense excitement of the scores being made and the closeness of the scores.Basketball requires no protective equipment since it is considered a non-contact sport. The uniform is simply shorts, sleeveless shirt, and tennis shoes. Football on the other hand requires the use of protective equipment because of the aggressiveness of the sport. Most players wear shoulder pads, hip pads, thigh pads, kneepads, tailbone pad, and a helmet for protection. Some players even wear a rib guard for added protection.Another difference between these two sports is the surfaces they are played on, as well as the elements they are exposed to. Basketball is played indoors on a shiny court approximately a quarter of the size of a football field. While Basketball is typically played indoors, it can also be played outdoors on a concrete court. This is commonly known as street ball. Basketball is enjoyed more due to the fact that its indoors and the climate is controlled. Football is played outdoors on a grass or turf field one hundred yards in length, where you are exposed to all the inclement of weather.Finally, both basketball and football are among the many favorite pastimes today. Bot h men and women play both sports and both require a certainamount on physical fitness. These two sports teach self-discipline, help players develop physically, and team work.

The Effect of Clinical Simulation on Student Self-Efficacy in learning Dissertation - 1

The Effect of Clinical Simulation on learner Self-Efficacy in learning - Dissertation ExampleCases like these point to the value of clinical affectation in nursing education to help empower such students in being able to handle challenging tasks and situations in their own practice. Clinical simulation is defined by Waxman (2010) as a teaching orderology that provides students with learning experiences closely resembling real-life circumstances that they are likely to encounter in their professional practice. Simulated clinical experience requires immersing students in a representative patient-care scenario, a setting that mimics the actual environment with sufficient realness to allow learners to suspend disbelief (p.29). Specific to nursing education is the utilization of a lifelike high fidelity sound system manikin which provides a high level of interactivity and realism to nursing students during their simulation proceedings (Jeffries, 2007). The integration of simulation i n the nursing education curricula is welcomed by nurse educators as a new and effective method that promises to prepare the students better for a future in the nursing profession as competent and positive(p) health workers. Setting up a clinical simulation situation takes much time, planning and labour that draws its information from theories and professional experiences (Waxman, 2010). The complexity of clinical simulation raises the question if it does improve a students self- might to be a more efficient professional or leave the student overwhelmed with the probable challenges he or she impart face in practice. Self-efficacy is one indicator of an individuals perception of how sanitary prepared he or she is in being able to successfully accomplish tasks (Bandura, 1977, 1986). Further, Bandura (2004) explains that Efficacy beliefs exploit goals and aspirations. The stronger the perceived self-efficacy, the higher the goals people set for themselves and the firmer their com mitment to them. Self-efficacy beliefs also determine how obstacles and impediments are viewed. Those of high efficacy view impediments as surmountable by improvement of self-management skills and perseverant effort (p. 145). Topic This hit the books will explore clinical simulation as a new method of learning in nursing education. It will discuss the corresponding cognitive and affective processes that the student undergoes during the simulation and follow through if it is indeed an effective strategy in the improvement of student efficacy. The research problem The research problem posed for this study is How does clinical simulation affect a students self-efficacy in learning in nursing education? Background and justification. The current demands of health care necessitate more aggressive training of health care professionals in order to address the growing needs of an industry that is besieged with a muckle of illnesses. More and more diseases come up with symptoms that may be unusual. These may pose a commodious challenge to new nurses who have been trained in the traditional approaches of lectures, discussions, role-play and laboratory practice, as these may no longer be effective (Waxman, 2010). A nurse needs to be thoroughly trained in various areas and has amassed enough experiences to be able to carefully discern his or her next moves. Such moves may be crucial to the treatment and safety of the patient and thus,